STAGES OF THE ANNUAL TRAINING CYCLE – THE BASIS FOR IMPROVING PHYSICAL QUALITIES TO ENSURE THE PERFORMANCE OF MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUNNERS AT THE STAGE OF SPECIALIZED BASIC PREPARATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/spectrum/2024-3-2Keywords:
track and field, middle distance running, stage of specialized basic training, intensity zone, exercises, physical qualities, functional capabilities, annual cycle stages, periodization system, tasks of the annual cycle stagesAbstract
Introduction. The groups of exercises of different predominant orientations being the foundation for physical quality formation (general and special endurance, speed, speed-strength qualities, agility, flexibility) at the stage of specialized basic training were developed. It is based on the annual training macrocycle of middle-distance runners of this stage, which includes 2 macrocycles: fall-winter and spring-summer, 6 main periods, and 16 stages of preparation involving 18 mesocycles and 52 microcycles. The objective of the study was to improve the methodology of physical quality formation in middle-distance runners through the use of training means of different predominant orientations on the basis of solving the set tasks of the main stages of preparation of the third year of training of the specialized basic preparation stage. Methods of study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and generalization of best practices (questionnaires, interviews) of endurance running coaches (middle and long distances), protocols, and calendar of competitions. Results of the study. Taking into account the calendar of competitions and the annual training macrocycle of a group of skilled middle-distance runners of the third year of training at the stage of specialized basic preparation, the tasks of the annual cycle stages were developed. The tasks of the 16 stages of the annual cycle are based on exercises of different predominant orientations, methods of their usage with account for the five zones of intensity. In the process of preparation, it will help to determine the structure and content of training of middle-distance runners at the stage of the specialized basic preparation and bring them to the peak of sports form during the major competitions. Conclusions. The training process of middle-distance runners should include exercises of different predominant orientations aimed at developing general and special endurance, speed, speed-strength qualities, static and dynamic balance, agility, and flexibility. This will allow them to successfully perform large volumes of special work, better tolerate loads, faster recover, get fit in due time, and demonstrate physical, technical, tactical, and mental fitness to achieve high sports results in extreme conditions of competitive activity.
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