CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF QUALIFIED BASKETBALL PLAYERS IN 3X3

Abstract

Characteristic features of the structure of competitive activity of qualified basketball players in 3x3. Dmytro Bogdanovych, Svitlana Shutova.National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Kyiv. The article examines the characteristic features of the structure of competitive activity in 3x3 basketball compared to classic 5x5 basketball and justifies the importance of building specialized training of qualified athletes for participation in them. The historical prerequisites for the formation and development of 3x3 basketball in the world are analyzed, and the modern system of sports competitions of highly qualified athletes in the game season is also considered.Objective. To determine the specific conditions for conducting competitive activity of athletes in 3x3 basketball and to substantiate the significance of specialized physical training for the main competitions of the year.Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature and data from the World Wide Web, survey, content analysis of documents, analysis of competitive activity, analysis and generalization. The competitive activity of men’s national teams at the 3x3 and 5x5 basketball world championships(2022-2023) and the 2024 Olympic Games (Paris) was analyzed.Results. The key differences in the structure of competitive activity in 3x3 basketball are the higher dynamics of competitive activity due to the absence of transitional phases of transition from attack to defense and the shorter duration of stops in the game. The higher “density” of the athletes’ game actions in 3x3 basketball causes significant differences in the implementation of basic technical and tactical actions in the match.The average time of a game segment in 5x5 basketball is in the range from 35 s to 1 minute, and in 3x3 basketball this duration is almost three times shorter, on average, 5–10 s after the ball is drawn. Almost 70% of pauses in 3x3 basketball last from 10 to 20 s, while in 5x5 basketball there is a significantly higher number of long stops in the game (more than 50 s). Basketball players in 3x3 perform a greater number of short throws, which almost double the similar throwing parameters of teams in classic basketball per minute of playing time (0.843 ± 0.122 vs. 0.495 ± 0.068, p < 0.001). They also have a better percentage (p < 0.001) of short throws (61.5 ± 7.21 vs. 53.43 ± 5.56 %). In terms of long throws (%) high-class basketball teams in 3x3 are inferior to teams in classic basketball 5x5 (p < 0.05) Conclusions. 3x3 basketball has a specific structure of competitive activity compared to the classic game. Players perform a significantly greater number of various movements and changes in the direction of movements per minute of playing time, have a shorter rest period during game breaks, perform a greater number of jumps and throws into the basket in a match, which are a consequence of the smaller amount of time allocated (twice) for organizing attacking actions and the absence of transitional phases of transition from attack to defense. The successful performance of the team at international competitions in 3x3 will largely depend on the formation of an integral state of special preparedness of athletes, improvement of key components of technical, tactical, physical, functional, psychological and other aspects of preparedness in their organic systemic interconnection for the maximum manifestation of the available playing potential.