ADAPTIVE SPORTS AS A MEANS OF SOCIAL INTEGRATION FOR PERSONS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The social integration of individuals with intellectual disabilities remains one of the most significant socio-pedagogical challenges in the modern world. With increasing attention to human rights, the advancement of inclusion policies, and the provision of equal opportunities for all citizens, adaptive sport is viewed as one of the most effective means of social adaptation and integration for individuals with developmental disabilities. Objective: to systematize key models and approaches to inclusive sports practices through an analysis of international experience in the social integration of individuals with intellectual disabilities via adaptive sport. Materials and Methods. The study employed the method of system analysis, the comparative-historical method, content analysis of programmatic documents, and the method of modelling. Results. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of international experience in the social integration of individuals with intellectual disabilities through adaptive sport. It is substantiated that the modern concept of inclusion is based on recognizing sport not only as a form of physical activity but also as a social instrument capable of fostering a sense of belonging and overcoming social isolation. The paper outlines the normative and legal foundations of international inclusion policies, including the provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UNESCO’s Kazan Action Plan, the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (2018–2030), and the European Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021–2030. Approaches to implementing social integration programs in the United States, Western Europe, Asia, and Latin America are analysed.  It was found that the effectiveness of national models depends on the combination of legislative frameworks, institutional support, and community initiatives. Particular attention is given to the Unified Sports program, which brings together athletes with and without intellectual disabilities on shared teams, demonstrating the positive impact of inclusive sport on the development of a tolerant social environment. It is emphasized that international experience indicates the importance of integrating inclusive sports practices into national sustainable development strategies. Conclusions. The international analysis confirms that the successful social integration of individuals with intellectual disabilities through adaptive sport is possible only under a comprehensive policy that includes legal safeguards, educational initiatives, and effective monitoring. A comparison of approaches across different world regions demonstrates substantial variation in inclusion models – from the legislation-driven system of the United States to the European combination of state and local support, culturally adapted practices in Asia, and community-driven initiatives in Latin America.  The systematization of international experience demonstrates that effective adaptive sport programs are grounded in stable institutional support, normative guarantees, and sensitivity to the sociocultural context. The most successful models are those that create real opportunities for social interaction, shared activities, and the development of social support networks.